An absolutist approach to deviance in sports is based on the assumption that:

An absolutist approach to deviance in sports is based on the assumption that:

• A. Unchanging moral truths are the foundation for all norms
• B. Deviance is entirely subject to context
• C. Norms are negotiable
• D. Laws determine norms

Answer: (A)

Absolutist thinking about deviance in sport rests on universal, unchanging moral truths that underpin all norms. Because these truths are fixed, what counts as deviant is determined by those standards rather than by changing contexts or social approval. So the assumption is that unchanging moral truths are the foundation for norms. For example, cheating or doping is seen as a violation of fairness and honesty—moral principles that are treated as universal—so these acts are deviant no matter the setting. If deviance were entirely subject to context, norms would shift with culture and situation, offering no stable standard. If norms were negotiable, they could be altered by consensus, undermining fixed norms. If laws determined norms, norms would follow legal codes rather than moral truths, which means deviancy wouldn’t be anchored to universal ethics.

Absolutist thinking about deviance in sport rests on universal, unchanging moral truths that underpin all norms. Because these truths are fixed, what counts as deviant is determined by those standards rather than by changing contexts or social approval. So the assumption is that unchanging moral truths are the foundation for norms. For example, cheating or doping is seen as a violation of fairness and honesty—moral principles that are treated as universal—so these acts are deviant no matter the setting. If deviance were entirely subject to context, norms would shift with culture and situation, offering no stable standard. If norms were negotiable, they could be altered by consensus, undermining fixed norms. If laws determined norms, norms would follow legal codes rather than moral truths, which means deviancy wouldn’t be anchored to universal ethics.